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The instruments. Part one: Idiophones. Stone concussion plaques ; Concussion vessels: convexities apposed ; Concussion vessels: concavities apposed ; Individual percussion sticks ; Sets of mounted percussion rods C ; Resting bells ; Suspended bells struck from outside ; Clapper bells ; Shaken idiophones or rattles ; Vessel rattles ; Cog rattles ; Individual friction plaques -- Part two: Membranophones. Sets of kettle drums ; Individual, double-skin cylindrical drums, with skins lapped on hoops ; Single-skin, goblet-shaped, open-ended drums, variously braced ; Single-skin frame drums, pasted, nailed and/or laced, with or without concussion jingles ; Double-skin frame drums ; Clapper drums ; Plucked drums ; Single-skin stationary drums with friction-cord ; Single-skin stationary drums with friction-cord and rotated stick or cylinder ; Free kazoos or mirlitons ; Tube kazoos -- Part three: Chordophones. Chordophones without a permanent string-bearer and with a temporary resonator ; Idiochord tube zithers sounded by plectrum reed ; Idiochord tube zithers sounded by rubbing reed fiddle ; Idiochord raft zithers, sounded by plectrum maize ; True board zithers without resonator, sounded with the fingertips ; True board zithers without resonator, sounded by bowing ; Through zithers without resonator, sounded by fingers or plectrum ; Spike bowl lutes, sounded by bowing ; Spike box lutes, sounded by bowing ; Necked lutes, plucked with fingers or plectrum ; Necked bowl lutes with natural resonator and integral neck, sounded by bowing ; Necked box lutes, sounded by plucking with fingers or plectrum ; Necked box lutes sounded by bowing fiddle -- Part four: Aerophones. Deflective aerophones ; Idiophonic interruptive aerophones (reeds of all kinds) ; Concussion needs ; Percussion needs ; Ribbon needs ; Non-idiophonic interruptive instruments ; Rotating blades: the interruptive agent is an elongate, stiff blade, swung in a circle from the end of a string, the other end of which is either held in the hand or attached to the end of a stick held in the hand. As it swings, the blade rotates about its own axis, thus periodically interrupting the relative airstream ; Plosive aerophones ; Edge-tone instruments that are not flutes ; Open single end-blown flutes with fingerholes ; Vessel flutes (without distinct beak) ; Open internal-duct flutes with fingerholes ; Stopped internal-duct flutes, without fingerholes, with fixed stopped lower end ; Stopped internal-duct flutes, without fingerholes, with variable stopped lower end ; Stopped internal-duct flutes, with fingerholes, with fixed stopped lower end ; Sets of open internal-duct flutes, with fingerholes, carved from a block of wood ; Sets of internal-duct flutes without fingerholes, with fixed stopped lower end ; Reedpipes with integral double reed, with cylindrical bore, without fingerholes ; Reedpipes with integral or non-integral double reed, with cylindrical bore, with fingerholes ; Reedpipes with non-integral double reed, with conical bore, without fingerholes ; Reedpipes with a double reed, with conical, stepped, or stepped and conical bore, with fingerholes ; Clarinets with integral idioglottal reed, with cylindrical bore, without fingerholes ; Clarinets with integral or non-integral idioglottal reed, with fingerholes ; Clarinets without fingerholes, with rigid air-reservoir ; Clarinets without fingerholes, with flexible air-reservoir ; European clarinet ; Clarinets with one fingerhole, with rigid air-reservoir ; Clarinets with fingerholes, with flexible air-reservoir animal-bladder pipe ; Sets of clarinets with cylindrical bore, with fingerholes ; Sets of non-integral idioglottal clarinets with fingerholes, with flexible air-reservoir ; Sets of equal clarinets ; Sets of unequal clarinets, one with fingerholes, one without ; Conches, end-blown, without mouthpiece ; End-blown horns without masterpiece, usually without (but occasionally with) fingerholes -- Postscript. Classification ; Evolution ; Organogeography ; Diffusion. |
