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010 a| 2022019540;

020 a| 9781032011592q| (hardback);

020 a| 9781032011608q| (paperback);

020 z| 9781003177425q| (ebook);

035 a| (WaSeSS)ssj0002691207;

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050 00 a| HF3756.Z5b| G55 2023;

082 00 a| 381.09562| 23/eng/20220421;

100 1 a| Gilbar, Gad G.=| ^A386822;

245 10 a| Trade and enterpriseh| [electronic resource] :b| the Muslim tujjar in the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran, 1860-1914 /c| Gad G. Gilbar.;

260 a| Abingdon, Oxon ;a| New York, NY :b| Routledge,c| 2023.;

263 a| 2210;

300 a| pages cm.;

490 0 a| Variorum collected studies;

504 a| Includes bibliographical references and index.;

506 a| Available only to authorized users.;

520 a| "Until recently, the historiography of Middle Eastern economic elites during the first globalization has ignored the significant role played by Muslim Tujjar (big merchant-entrepreneurs). Foreign firms and local minorities were considered the prime agents of economic change and the initiators of economic growth. The 12 studies in this volume show that the Muslim Tujjar played a major economic role in various regions of the Middle East during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Their investments, mainly in commercial agriculture, resulted in economic growth and changed economic structures and social relations in many Middle Eastern communities. They were also involved in political developments, some of which had a dramatic effect on the history of their countries, as for instance in late Qajar Iran. They also played a unique role in the process of cultural change. Although they supported the ulama financially, they also contributed to the establishment of new educational and cultural institutions. The story of the Tujjar is unique in the sense that it was the only indigenous elite group in the pre-World War I Middle East to bridge between traditional forces and concepts and Western attitudes and practices"--c| Provided by publisher.;

538 a| Mode of access: World Wide Web;

650 0 a| Muslim merchantsz| Middle Eastx| History.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

651 0 a| Middle Eastx| Commercex| History.=| ^A26076;

651 0 a| Middle Eastx| Economic conditionsy| 19th century.=| ^A229971;

651 0 a| Middle Eastx| Economic conditionsy| 20th century.=| ^A411402;

655 0 a| Electronic books.=| ^A491897;

856 40 z| Full text available from Taylor & Francis eBooksu| https://go.openathens.net/redirector/ecu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2F9781003177425;

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Trade and enterprise the Muslim tujjar in the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran, 1860-1914 / Gad G. Gilbar.

Author/creator	Gilbar, Gad G.
Format	Electronic
Publication Info	Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2023.
Description	pages cm.
Supplemental Content	Full text available from Taylor & Francis eBooks
Subjects	Muslim merchants--Middle East. --History. Middle East--Commerce. --History. Middle East--Economic conditions. --19th century. Middle East--Economic conditions. --20th century.

Series	Variorum collected studies
Abstract	"Until recently, the historiography of Middle Eastern economic elites during the first globalization has ignored the significant role played by Muslim Tujjar (big merchant-entrepreneurs). Foreign firms and local minorities were considered the prime agents of economic change and the initiators of economic growth. The 12 studies in this volume show that the Muslim Tujjar played a major economic role in various regions of the Middle East during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Their investments, mainly in commercial agriculture, resulted in economic growth and changed economic structures and social relations in many Middle Eastern communities. They were also involved in political developments, some of which had a dramatic effect on the history of their countries, as for instance in late Qajar Iran. They also played a unique role in the process of cultural change. Although they supported the ulama financially, they also contributed to the establishment of new educational and cultural institutions. The story of the Tujjar is unique in the sense that it was the only indigenous elite group in the pre-World War I Middle East to bridge between traditional forces and concepts and Western attitudes and practices"-- Provided by publisher.
Bibliography note	Includes bibliographical references and index.
Access restriction	Available only to authorized users.
Technical details	Mode of access: World Wide Web
Genre/form	Electronic books.
LCCN	2022019540
ISBN	9781032011592 (hardback)
ISBN	9781032011608 (paperback)
ISBN	(ebook)

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Trade and enterprise the Muslim tujjar in the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran, 1860-1914 / Gad G. Gilbar.

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