Digital twin driven service / edited by Fei Tao, School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China, Qinglin Qi, School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, A.Y.C. Nee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.