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035 a| (Sirsi) o1268150120;

035 a| (OCoLC)1268150120;

049 a| EREE;

100 1 a| Bomstein, Zachary,e| author.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

245 10 a| Vitamin A insufficiency in current and former smokers and lung cancer risk :b| a case-control study /c| by Zachary Bomstein.;

264 1 a| [Greenville, N.C.] :b| [East Carolina University],c| 2021.;

300 a| 1 online resource (102 pages) :b| illustrations (some color).;

336 a| textb| txt2| rdacontent;

337 a| computerb| c2| rdamedia;

338 a| online resourceb| cr2| rdacarrier;

347 a| text file;

347 b| PDF;

347 c| 885.6 KB;

490 1 a| ECU College of Allied Health Sciences thesis;

538 a| System requirements: Adobe Reader.;

538 a| Mode of access: World Wide Web.;

502 b| M.S.c| East Carolina Universityd| 2021;

500 a| Presented to the faculty of the Department of Nutrition Science;

500 a| Advisor: Richard C. Baybutt;

500 a| Title from PDF t.p. (viewed August 9, 2022).;

520 3 a| Background: Adequate dietary intakes of vitamin A are protective against lung cancer, but little is known about the risk of lung cancer when intakes of the vitamin are below minimum physiological requirements. Further investigation into this relationship is needed considering established relationships between smoking, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and lung cancer risk. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether intakes of vitamin A below the minimal physiological threshold increased the likelihood of lung cancer. We hypothesized vitamin A intakes above the minimal physiological threshold would reduce the likelihood of lung cancer. Methods: A case-control approach was used, utilizing data from eight cycles of NHANES surveys. Cancer-free, everyday cigarette smokers were matched on a 1:1 basis to cases with lung cancer by smoking duration, sex, and age. Paired sample T-tests were used to test differences in mean intakes of retinoids between groups, while an Exact McNemar test was used to assess differences between categorical variables. Conditional logistic regression was used to model the relationship between vitamin A insufficiency and lung cancer incidence, before and after adjustment. Results: A covariate in our adjusted model, milk consumption was significantly associated with increased odds of lung cancer (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.04 - 5.43). Contrary to our hypothesis, intakes of vitamin A at or above the minimal physiological threshold increased the odds of lung cancer, though confounding effects of several covariates, such as the age of smoking initiation, could not be ruled out (OR = 5.49, CI = 0.82 - 36.96). Conclusions: While mean intakes of vitamin A and subtypes did not significantly differ between case and control, only 20.4 % of individuals across our sample consumed intakes at or above gender-specific RDAs. As we did not collect data on food-specific micro/macronutrients, more research into dietary contributions of micro/macronutrients from foods known to be implicated in lung cancer prevention or risk, such as vitamin A, vitamin A, calcium, and fatty acids, could prove to be important areas for future research.;

504 a| Includes bibliographical references.;

650 2 a| Smokers.=| ^A1448841;

650 2 a| Vitamin A.=| ^A1337014;

650 2 a| Lung Neoplasms.=| ^A918448;

650 2 a| Smoking Cessation.=| ^A927519;

650 2 a| Smoking.=| ^A917992;

655 2 a| Academic Dissertation.0| (DNLM)D019478?| UNAUTHORIZED;

653 a| Vitamin A Deficiency;

653 a| Retinol;

653 a| Lung Carcinogenesis;

653 a| Carotenoids;

653 a| Whole Milk;

655 7 a| Academic theses.2| fast0| (OCoLC)fst01726453;

655 7 a| Academic theses.2| lcgft;

655 7 a| Thèses et écrits académiques.2| rvmgf0| (CaQQLa)RVMGF-000001173;

700 1 a| Baybutt, Richard C.,e| degree supervisor.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

710 2 a| East Carolina University.b| Department of Nutrition Science.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

830 0 a| ECU College of Allied Health Sciences thesis.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

856 40 u| http://hdl.handle.net/10342/9357z| Access via ScholarShip;

949 o| wjh;

994 a| C0b| ERE;

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998 a| 5668814;

999 a| CLICK ON WEB ADDRESSw| ASISc| 1i| 5668814-1001l| JNETm| JOYNERr| Ys| Yt| JNE3ETDu| 9/14/2021x| ETDz| JERESOURCE;

999 a| CLICK ON WEB ADDRESSw| ASISc| 1i| 5668814-2001l| HSLELECm| HSLr| Ys| Yt| HEETDu| 9/14/2021x| ETDz| HERESOURCE;

Vitamin A insufficiency in current and former smokers and lung cancer risk : a case-control study / by Zachary Bomstein.

Author/creator	Bomstein, Zachary author.
Other author	Baybutt, Richard C., degree supervisor.
Other author	East Carolina University. Department of Nutrition Science.
Format	Theses and dissertations
Publication	[Greenville, N.C.] : [East Carolina University], 2021.
Description	1 online resource (102 pages) : illustrations (some color).
Supplemental Content	Access via ScholarShip
Subjects	Smokers. Vitamin A. Lung Neoplasms. Smoking Cessation. Smoking.

Series	ECU College of Allied Health Sciences thesis ECU College of Allied Health Sciences thesis. UNAUTHORIZED
Summary	Background: Adequate dietary intakes of vitamin A are protective against lung cancer, but little is known about the risk of lung cancer when intakes of the vitamin are below minimum physiological requirements. Further investigation into this relationship is needed considering established relationships between smoking, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and lung cancer risk. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether intakes of vitamin A below the minimal physiological threshold increased the likelihood of lung cancer. We hypothesized vitamin A intakes above the minimal physiological threshold would reduce the likelihood of lung cancer. Methods: A case-control approach was used, utilizing data from eight cycles of NHANES surveys. Cancer-free, everyday cigarette smokers were matched on a 1:1 basis to cases with lung cancer by smoking duration, sex, and age. Paired sample T-tests were used to test differences in mean intakes of retinoids between groups, while an Exact McNemar test was used to assess differences between categorical variables. Conditional logistic regression was used to model the relationship between vitamin A insufficiency and lung cancer incidence, before and after adjustment. Results: A covariate in our adjusted model, milk consumption was significantly associated with increased odds of lung cancer (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.04 - 5.43). Contrary to our hypothesis, intakes of vitamin A at or above the minimal physiological threshold increased the odds of lung cancer, though confounding effects of several covariates, such as the age of smoking initiation, could not be ruled out (OR = 5.49, CI = 0.82 - 36.96). Conclusions: While mean intakes of vitamin A and subtypes did not significantly differ between case and control, only 20.4 % of individuals across our sample consumed intakes at or above gender-specific RDAs. As we did not collect data on food-specific micro/macronutrients, more research into dietary contributions of micro/macronutrients from foods known to be implicated in lung cancer prevention or risk, such as vitamin A, vitamin A, calcium, and fatty acids, could prove to be important areas for future research.
General note	Presented to the faculty of the Department of Nutrition Science
General note	Advisor: Richard C. Baybutt
General note	Title from PDF t.p. (viewed August 9, 2022).
Dissertation note	M.S. East Carolina University 2021
Bibliography note	Includes bibliographical references.
Technical details	System requirements: Adobe Reader.
Technical details	Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Genre/form	Academic theses.
Genre/form	Academic theses.
Genre/form	Thèses et écrits académiques.

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Vitamin A insufficiency in current and former smokers and lung cancer risk : a case-control study / by Zachary Bomstein.

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