| Contents |
Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction to Graphical Communication in Engineering -- 1.01. Introduction -- 1.02. Short History -- 1.02.01. Ancient History -- 1.02.02. Medieval Period -- 1.02.03. Renaissance -- 1.02.04. Industrial Revolution -- 1.02.05. More Recent History -- 1.03. Engineering Graphics Technology -- 1.03.01. Early Years -- 1.03.02. Instrument Drawing -- 1.03.03. Computer Revolution -- 1.03.04. Graphics as a Design Tool -- 1.03.05. Graphics as an Analysis Tool -- 1.03.06. Graphics as a Presentation Tool -- 1.04. Modern Role of Engineering Graphics -- 1.05. Chapter Summary -- 1.06. Glossary of Key Terms -- 1.07. Questions for Review -- 1.08. Problems -- ch. 2 Sketching -- 2.01. Introduction -- 2.02. Sketching in the Engineering Design Process -- 2.03. Sketching Lines -- 2.04. Sketching Curved Entities -- 2.05. Construction Lines -- 2.06. Coordinate Systems -- 2.07. Isometric Sketches of Simple Objects -- 2.07.01. Circles in Isometric Sketches -- 2.07.02. Circular Holes in Isometric Sketches -- 2.08. Oblique Pictorials -- 2.08.01. Circular Holes in Oblique Pictorial Sketches -- 2.09. Shading and Other Special Effects -- 2.10. Sketching Complex Objects -- 2.11. Chapter Summary -- 2.12. Glossary of Key Terms -- 2.13. Questions for Review -- 2.14. Problems -- ch. 3 Visualization -- 3.01. Introduction -- 3.02. Background -- 3.03. Development of Spatial Skills -- 3.04. Types of Spatial Skills -- 3.05. Assessing Spatial Skills -- 3.06. Importance of Spatial Skills -- 3.07. Isometric Corner Views of Simple Objects -- 3.08. Object Rotations about a Single Axis -- 3.08.01. Notation -- 3.08.02. Rotation of Objects by More Than 90 Degrees about a Single Axis -- 3.08.03. Equivalencies for Rotations about a Single Axis -- 3.09. Rotation about Two or More Axes -- 3.09.01. Equivalencies for Object Rotations about Two or More Axes -- 3.10. Reflections and Symmetry -- 3.10.01. Symmetry -- 3.11. Cross Sections of Solids -- 3.12. Combining Solids -- 3.13. Chapter Summary -- 3.14. Glossary of Key Terms -- 3.15. Questions for Review -- 3.16. Problems -- ch. 4 Creativity and the Design Process -- 4.01. Introduction -- 4.02. What Is Design? -- 4.02.01. Computers in Design -- 4.02.02. Classification of Engineering Designers -- 4.03. Creativity in Design -- 4.03.01. Visual Thinking -- 4.03.02. Brainstorming -- 4.03.03. Brainwriting (6-3-5 Method) -- 4.03.04. Morphological Charts -- 4.03.05. Concept Mapping -- 4.04. Engineering Design Process -- 4.04.01. Stage 1: Problem Identification -- 4.04.02. Stage 2: Concept Generation -- 4.04.03. Stage 3: Concept Selection and Refinement -- 4.04.04. Stage 4: Design Evaluation and Analysis -- 4.04.05. Stage 5: Physical Prototyping -- 4.04.06. Stage 6: Design Documentation -- 4.04.07. Stage 7: Production -- 4.05. Concurrent Engineering Design Process -- 4.06. Chapter Summary -- Case Study -- 4.07. Glossary of Key Terms -- 4.08. Questions for Review -- 4.09. Design Projects -- ch. 5 Solid Modeling -- 5.01. Introduction -- 5.02. Tools for Developing Your Idea -- 5.02.01. Two-Dimensional CAD -- 5.02.02. Wireframe Modeling -- 5.02.03. Surface Modeling -- 5.02.04. Solid Modeling -- 5.03. Parametric Solid Model -- 5.03.01. Valid Profiles -- 5.03.02. Creation of the Solid -- 5.04. Making It Precise -- 5.04.01. Orientation of the Sketch -- 5.04.02. Geometric Constraints -- 5.04.03. Dimensional Constraints -- 5.04.04. Uniqueness of Constraints -- 5.04.05. Associative and Algebraic Constraints -- 5.05. Strategies for Combining Profile Constraints -- 5.06. More Complexity Using Constructive Solids -- 5.07. Breaking It Down into Features -- 5.07.01. Base Feature -- 5.07.02. Chamfers, Rounds, and Fillets -- 5.07.03. Holes -- 5.07.04. Shells -- 5.07.05. Ribs and Webs -- 5.07.06. Other Feature Types -- 5.07.07. Cosmetic Features -- 5.07.08. Understanding of Features and Functions -- 5.08. More Ways to Create Sophisticated Geometry -- 5.08.01. Defining Datum Points -- 5.08.02. Defining Datum Axes -- 5.08.03. Defining Datum Planes -- 5.08.04. Chaining Datums -- 5.08.05. Using Arrays (Rectangular and Circular) -- 5.08.06. Using Mirrored Features -- 5.08.07. Using Blends -- 5.08.08. Sweeps -- 5.09. Model Tree -- 5.10. Families of Parts -- 5.11. Extraction of 2-D Drawings -- 5.12. Chapter Summary -- 5.13. Glossary of Key Terms -- 5.14. Questions for Review -- 5.15. Problems -- ch. 6 Assembly Modeling -- 6.01. Introduction -- 6.02. Assembly Terminology -- 6.02.01. Associativity -- 6.03. Assembly Hierarchy -- 6.04. Assembly Constraints -- 6.04.01. Concentric Constraints -- 6.04.02. Mating Surfaces Constraints -- 6.04.03. Coincident Constraints -- 6.04.04. Distance Constraints -- 6.04.05. Adding Constraints to Your Assembly -- 6.05. Exploded Configurations -- 6.06. Interferences and Clearances -- 6.07. Bill of Materials -- 6.08. Assembly Strategy -- 6.08.01. Bottom-Up Assembly Modeling -- 6.08.02. Top-Down Assembly Modeling -- 6.09. Strategy for Bottom-up Assembly Modeling -- 6.10. Chapter Summary -- 6.11. Glossary of Key Terms -- 6.12. Questions for Review -- 6.13. Problems -- ch. 7 Design Analysis -- 7.01. Introduction -- 7.02. Reverse Engineering -- 7.03. Metrology Tools for Reverse Engineering -- 7.03.01. Handheld Calipers -- 7.03.02. Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) -- 7.03.03. 3-D Laser Scanner -- 7.04. Reverse Engineering Process -- 7.04.01. Defining the Reverse Engineering Project -- 7.04.02. Dissecting a System -- 7.04.03. Obtaining Part Sizes -- 7.04.04. Developing a 3-D CAD Model -- 7.04.05. Considering Potential Redesign -- 7.05. Geometric Properties Analysis -- 7.05.01. Measurement Analysis -- 7.05.02. Mass Properties Analysis -- 7.06. Finite Element Analysis -- 7.06.01. Classes of FEA Problems -- 7.06.02. Finite Element Meshes -- 7.06.03. Finite Element Boundary Conditions -- 7.06.04. Finite Element Output -- 7.07. Chapter Summary -- 7.08. Glossary of Key Terms -- 7.09. Questions for Review -- 7.10. Problems -- ch. 8 Orthogonal Projection and Multiview Representation -- 8.01. Introduction -- 8.02. More Precise Way to Communicate Your Ideas -- 8.02.01. Problems with Pictorials -- 8.02.02. Viewing Planes -- 8.02.03. Orthogonal Projection -- 8.02.04. Distorted Reality -- 8.02.05. Choice of Viewing Planes -- 8.02.06. Size and Alignment -- 8.03. Glass Box -- 8.03.01. Standard Views -- 8.03.02. Preferred Configuration -- 8.04. Necessary Details -- 8.04.01. Hidden Lines and Centerlines -- 8.04.02. Necessary Views -- 8.04.03. Hidden Lines versus More Views -- 8.05. First-Angle Projection versus Third-Angle Projection -- 8.06. Breaking the Rules-and Why It Is Good to Break Them Sometimes -- 8.06.01. Threaded Parts -- 8.06.02. Features with Small Radii -- 8.06.03. Small Cutouts on Curved Surfaces -- 8.06.04. Small Intersections with Curved Surfaces -- 8.06.05. Symmetrical Features -- 8.06.06. Representation of Welds -- 8.07. When Six Views Are Not Enough -- 8.07.01. Features at Odd Angles -- 8.07.02. Internal Features -- 8.08. Considerations for 3-D Modeling -- 8.09. Chapter Summary -- 8.10. Glossary of Key Terms -- 8.11. Questions for Review -- 8.12. Problems -- ch. 9 Pictorial Drawings -- 9.01. Introduction -- 9.02. Types of Pictorial Drawings -- 9.03. Axonometric Drawings -- 9.03.01. Isometric Drawings -- 9.03.02. Inclined Surfaces -- 9.03.03. Oblique Surfaces -- 9.03.04. Cylindrical Surfaces -- 9.03.05. Ellipses on Inclined Surfaces -- 9.04. Oblique Drawings -- 9.04.01. Types of Oblique Drawings -- 9.04.02. Construction of Oblique Drawings -- 9.04.03. Construction of an Object with Circular Features -- 9.05. Perspective Drawings -- 9.05.01. Types of Perspective Drawings -- 9.05.02. Two-Point Perspective Drawings -- 9.05.03. Construction of a Two-Point Perspective Drawing -- 9.05.04. Complex Object in Two-Point Perspective -- 9.06. Considerations for 3-D Modeling -- 9.07. Chapter Summary -- 9.08. Glossary of Key Terms -- 9.09. Questions for Review -- 9.10. Problems -- ch. 10 Section Views -- 10.01. Introduction -- 10.02. Look Inside -- 10.03. Full Sections -- 10.04. What Happens to the Hidden Lines? -- 10.05. Finer Points of Section Lines -- 10.06. Offset Sections -- 10.07. Half Sections -- 10.08. Removed Sections -- 10.09. Revolved Sections -- 10.10. Broken-Out Sections -- 10.11. Sections of Assemblies -- 10.12. Few Shortcuts to Simplify Your Life -- 10.12.01. Small Cutouts on Curved Surfaces -- 10.12.02. Threaded Parts -- 10.12.03. Thin Features -- 10.12.04. Vanes, Fins, Spokes, and the Like -- 10.12.05. Symmetry -- 10.13. Considerations for 3-D Modeling -- 10.14. Chapter Summary -- 10.15. Glossary of Key Terms -- 10.16. Questions for Review -- 10.17. Problems -- ch. 11 Auxiliary Views -- 11.01. Introduction -- 11.02. Auxiliary Views for Solid Objects -- 11.03. Auxiliary Views of Irregular or Curved Surfaces -- 11.04. Creating Auxiliary Views -- 11.05. Solid Modeling Considerations in Creating Auxiliary Views -- 11.06. Chapter Summary -- 11.07. Glossary of Key Terms -- 11.08. Questions for Review -- 11.09. Problems -- ch. 12 Dimensioning -- 12.01. Introduction -- 12.02. Is the Dimension I See on a Drawing Exact? -- 12.03. What Are the Rules for Dimensioning? |
| Contents |
Note continued: 12.03.01. Millimeters, Inches, or Angstroms? -- 12.03.02. Types of Dimensioning -- 12.03.03. Fundamental Rules for Dimensioning -- 12.04. Definitions -- 12.05. Redundancy Is Dumb -- 12.06. Geometrically Correct, but Still Wrong! -- 12.06.01. Different Ways of Specifying the Same Geometry -- 12.06.02. Identifying and Specifying the Critical Dimensions for Part Function -- 12.06.03. Baseline versus Chain Dimensioning -- 12.06.04. What Types of Dimensions Can Be Measured and Checked? -- 12.07. Guidelines to Guide Your Lines -- 12.07.01. Solid Lines Only -- 12.07.02. Placement and Spacing -- 12.07.03. Font -- 12.08. Shortcuts -- 12.08.01. Diameters and Radii -- 12.08.02. Chamfers -- 12.08.03. Standard Machined Holes: Countersinks and Counterbores -- 12.08.04. Slots -- 12.09. Notes -- 12.09.01. General Notes -- 12.09.02. Local Notes -- 12.10. Considerations for 3-D Modeling -- 12.11. Dimensions for the Plate Example -- 12.12. Fundamental Rules for Dimensioning -- 12.13. Chapter Summary -- 12.14. Glossary of Key Terms -- 12.15. Questions for Review -- 12.16. Problems -- ch. 13 Tolerancing -- 13.01. Introduction -- 13.01.01. Relationships between Different Parts -- 13.01.02. Problems with Inexperience in New Engineers -- 13.02. Formats for Tolerances -- 13.03. Tolerance Buildup Problems -- 13.03.01. Tolerance Buildup with Chain, Baseline, and Direct Dimensioning -- 13.03.02. Statistical Tolerance Control -- 13.04. Use of Tables for Fits -- 13.04.01. Types of Fits -- 13.04.02. Fit Terminology -- 13.04.03. English Fits -- 13.04.04. Metric Fits -- 13.04.05. Fits Tables -- 13.05. Conventional Tolerancing versus Geometric Tolerancing -- 13.05.01. Features With and Without Size -- 13.05.02. Conventional Tolerancing and Form -- 13.05.03. Location of Holes and Pins with Conventional Tolerancing -- 13.06. Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD & T) -- 13.06.01. Datum Reference Frame -- 13.06.02. Geometry Characteristic Symbols and Feature Control Frames -- 13.06.03. Order of Precedence for Datums -- 13.06.04. Position Tolerances versus Conventional Tolerances -- 13.06.05. Form Tolerances -- 13.06.06. Profile Tolerances -- 13.06.07. Orientation Tolerances -- 13.06.08. Location Tolerances -- 13.06.09. Runout Tolerances -- 13.07. Chapter Summary -- 13.08. Glossary of Key Terms -- 13.09. Questions for Review -- 13.10. Problems -- ch. 14 Working Drawings -- 14.01. Introduction -- 14.02. Making It Formal -- 14.03. Sheet Sizes -- 14.04. Formal Drawing Header in Manufacturing Drawings -- 14.05. Drawing Area for Manufactured Parts -- 14.05.01. Geometry Presentation -- 14.05.02. Object Views -- 14.05.03. Notes -- 14.06. Parts, Subassemblies, and Assemblies -- 14.06.01. Exploded Assembly Drawings -- 14.06.02. Outline Assembly Drawings -- 14.06.03. Sectioned Assembly Drawings -- 14.06.04. Bill of Materials -- 14.06.05. Manufacturing Detail Drawings -- 14.06.06. More Examples of Manufacturing Drawings -- 14.07. Construction Drawings -- 14.07.01. Why Construction Drawings Are Different from Manufacturing Drawings -- 14.07.02. How Construction Drawings Are Different from Manufacturing Drawings -- 14.08. Construction Plans -- 14.08.01. Cover Sheet -- 14.08.02. Site Plan -- 14.08.03. Elevation Views -- 14.08.04. Foundation and Floor Plans -- 14.08.05. Sections -- 14.08.06. Detail Construction Drawings -- 14.08.07. Plan and Profile Drawings -- 14.09. Engineering Scales -- 14.09.01. Engineer's Scale -- 14.09.02. Metric Scale -- 14.09.03. Architect's Scale -- 14.10. Considerations for 3-D Modeling -- 14.11. Chapter Summary -- 14.12. Glossary of Key Terms -- 14.13. Questions for Review -- 14.14. Problems. |
