| Contents |
Essential Mathematics -- 1.1 Significant Figures -- 1.2 Significant Figures and Mathematical Operations -- 1.3 Scientific Notation and Exponents -- 1.4 Logarithms -- 1.5 Algebraic Equations -- 1.6 Problems -- Systems of Measurements -- 2.1 Measurements in Chemistry -- 2.2 Measurement of Mass, Length, and Time -- 2.3 Temperature -- 2.4 Derived Units -- 2.5 Density and Specific Gravity -- 2.6 Dimensional Analysis and Conversion Factors -- 2.7 Problems -- Atomic Structure and Isotope -- 3.1 Atomic Theory -- 3.2 The Structure of Atoms -- 3.3 Isotopes -- 3.4 Relative Atomic Mass -- 3.5 Problems -- Formula and Molecular Mass -- 4.1 Formula Mass -- 4.2 Molecular Mass -- 4.3 Molar Mass -- 4.4 Problems -- The Mole Concept and Avogadro's Number -- 5.1 The Mole and Avogadro's Number (NA) -- 5.2 The Mole and Molar Mass -- 5.3 Calculating the Number of Moles -- 5.4 Problems -- Formulas of Compounds and Percent Composition -- 6.1 Percent Composition -- 6.2 Empirical Formula -- 6.3 Molecular Formula -- 6.4 Problems -- Chemical Formula and Nomenclature -- 7.1 General Background -- 7.2 Chemical Formula -- 7.3 Oxidation Numbers -- 7.4 Writing The Formulas of Compounds -- 7.5 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds -- 7.6 Problems -- Chemical Equations -- 8.1 Writing Chemical Equations -- 8.2 Balancing Chemical Equations -- 8.3 Types of Chemical Reactions -- 8.4 Problems -- Stoichiometry |
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9.1 Reaction Stoichiometry -- 9.2 Information From a Balanced Equation -- 9.3 Types of Stoichiometric Problems -- 9.4 Limiting Reagents -- 9.5 Reaction Yields: Theoretical, Actual, and Percent Yields -- 9.6 Problems -- The Structure of the Atom -- 10.1 Electronic Structure of the Atom -- 10.2 Electromagnetic Radiation -- 10.3 The Nature of Matter and Quantum Theory -- 10.4 The Hydrogen Atom -- 10.5 The Quantum-Mechanical Description of the Hydrogen Atom -- 10.6 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Orbitals -- 10.7 Electronic Configuration of Multielectron Atoms -- 10.8 Problems -- Gas Laws -- 11.1 Boyle's Law: Pressure vs. Volume Relationship -- 11.2 Charles's Law: Temperature vs. Volume Relationship -- 11.3 The Combined Gas Law -- 11.4 Gay-Lussac's Law and Reactions Involving Gases -- 11.5 Avogadro's Law -- 11.6 The Ideal Gas Law -- 11.7 Density and Molecular Mass of a Gas -- 11.8 Molar Volume of an Ideal Gas -- 11.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures -- 11.10 Partial Pressure and Mole Fraction -- 11.11 Real Gases and Deviation from the Gas Laws -- 11.12 Graham's Law of Diffusion -- 11.13 Problems -- Liquid and Solids |
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12.1 The Liquid State -- 12.2 Calculations Involving Liquids -- 12.3 Application of The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation -- 12.4 The Solid State -- 12.5 The Crystal System -- 12.6 Calculation Involving Unit Cell Dimensions -- 12.7 Ionic Crystal Structure -- 12.8 Radius Ratio Rule for Ionic Compounds -- 12.9 Determination of Crystal Structure by X-Ray Diffraction -- 12.10 Problems -- Solution Chemistry -- 13.1 Concentration of Solutions -- 13.2 Solution and Solubility -- 13.3 Solving Solubility Problems -- 13.4 Effect of Temperature on Solubility -- 13.5 Solubility Curves -- 13.6 Effect of Pressure on Solubility -- 13.7 Problems -- Volumetric Analysis -- Introduction -- Application of Titration -- Acid-Base Titrations -- Calculations Involving Acid-Base Titration -- Back Titrations -- Problems -- Ideal Solutions and Colligative Properties |
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15.1 Colligative Properties -- 15.2 Vapor Pressure -- 15.3 Raoult's Law -- 15.4 Elevation of Boiling Point -- 15.5 Depression of Freezing Point -- 15.6 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure -- 15.7 Problems -- Chemical Kinetics -- Rates of Reaction -- Measurement of Reaction Rates -- Reaction Rates and Stoichiometry -- Collision Theory of Reaction Rates -- Rate Laws and The Order of Reactions -- Experimental Determination of Rate Law Using Initial Rates -- The Integrated Rate Equation and the Half-life of A Reactant -- Reaction Rates and Temperature: The Arrhenius Equation -- Problems -- Chemical Equilibrium |
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17.1 Reversible and Irreversible Reactions -- 17.2 The Equilibrium Constant -- 17.3 The Reaction Quotient -- 17.4 Predicting The Direction of Reaction -- 17.5 Position of Equilibrium -- 17.6 Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Equilibra -- 17.7 Calculating Equilibrium Constants -- 17.8 Qualititative Treatment of Equilibrium: Le Chatelier's Principle -- 17.9 Problems -- Ionic Equilibra and pH -- The Ionization of Water -- Definition of Acidity and Basicity -- The pH of a Solution -- The pOH of a Solution -- The Acid Ionization Constant, Ka -- Calculating pH and Equilibrium Concentrations in Solutions of Weak Acids -- Percent Dissociation of Weak Acids -- The Base Dissociation Constant, Kb -- Relationship Between Ka and Kb -- Salt Hydrolysis: Acid-Basis Properties of Salts -- The Common Ion Effect -- Buffers and pH of Buffer Solutions -- Polyprotic Acids and Bases -- Acid: Base Titration pH Titration Curves -- Problems -- Solubility & Complex-Ion Equilibra -- 19.1 Solubility Equilibria -- 19.2 The Solubility Product Principle -- 19.3 Determing Ksp from Molar Solubility -- 19.4 Calculating Molar Solubility from Ksp -- 19.5 Ksp and Precipitation -- 19.6 Complex-Ion Equilibra -- 19.7 Problems -- Thermochemistry |
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20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Calorimetry and Heat Capacity -- 20.3 Calculating of Reaction -- 20.4 Hess's Law of Heat Summation -- 20.5 Bond Energies and Enthalpy -- 20.6 Problems -- Chemical Thermodynamics -- 21.1 Definition of Terms -- 21.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics -- 21.3 Expansion Work -- 21.4 Entropy -- 21.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 21.6 Calculation of Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions -- 21.7 Enthalpy and Entropy Changes During a Phase Change -- 21.8 Free Energy -- 21.9 The Standard Free Energy Change -- 21.10 Free Energy and the Constant -- 21.11 Variation of and Equilibrium Constant with Temperature -- 21.12 Problems -- Oxidation and Reduction Reactions -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Oxidation and Reduction in Terms of Electron Transfer -- 22.3 Oxidation Numbers -- 22.4 Oxidation and Reduction in Terms of Oxidation Number -- 22.5 Disproportionation -- 22.6 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents -- 22.7 Half-Cell Reactions -- 22.8 Balancing Redox Equations -- 22.9 Oxidation-Reduction Titration -- 22.10 Problems -- Fundamentals of Electrochemistry |
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23.1 Galvanic Cells -- 23.2 The Cell Potential -- 23.3 Standard Electrode Potential -- 23.4 The Electrochemical Series (ECS) -- 23.5 Applications of Electrode Potential -- 23.6 Cell Diagrams -- 23.7 Calculating from Electrode Potential -- 23.8 Relationship of the Standard Electrode Potential, the Gibbs Free Energy, and the -- Equilibrium Constant -- 23.9 Dependence of Cell Potential on Concentration (the Nernst equation) -- 23.10 Electrolysis -- 23.11 Faraday's Law of Electrolysis -- 23.12 Problems -- Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions -- 24.1 Definition of Terms -- 24.2 Radioactive Decay and Nuclear Equations -- 24.3 Nuclear Transmutations -- 24.4 Rates of Radioactive Decay and Half-Life -- 24.5 Energy of Nuclear Reactions -- 24.6 Problems |
| Local note | Little-353895--305131033204P |
| General note | Includes index. |
| LCCN | 2008040392 |
| ISBN | 9780195367997 (cloth : alk. paper) |
| ISBN | 0195367995 (cloth : alk. paper) |
