| Contents |
Machine generated contents note: 1.1.Knowledge Gaps in Operating Fuel Systems and Combustion Equipment -- 1.2.Managing Fuel Systems and Combustion Equipment Risks -- 1.3.The Creation of Fuel Systems and Combustion Equipment Codes and Standards -- 1.3.1.How Codes and Standards Are Structured -- 1.3.2.Applying Codes and Standards -- 1.4.Fuel System Codes and Standards -- 1.5.Combustion Equipment Codes and Standards -- 1.6.Other Widely Recognized Code- and Standards-Related Organizations -- 1.6.1.Other Standards Developers and Related Industry Organizations -- 1.7.Safety Instrumented Systems and Safety Integrity Levels -- 1.8.The World of Insurance and Combustion Equipment -- 1.9.Personal Criminal Liability -- Notes and References -- 2.1.Combustion Defined -- 2.2.Fuels -- 2.2.1.Fuel Properties -- 2.3.Heat/Ignition -- 2.4.Oxygen/Air -- 2.5.Combustion Chemistry -- 2.5.1.Applying Combustion Chemistry to Burner Systems -- 2.5.2.Burner Fuel/Air Ratio Operating Conditions -- |
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Contents note continued: 2.6.Environmental Emission Issues -- 2.7.Basic Burner Design Issues -- 2.7.1.Airflow Burners -- 2.7.2.Nozzle Mix Burners -- 2.7.3.Premix Burners -- 2.8.Draft Systems -- 2.8.1.Natural-Draft Systems -- 2.8.2.Forced-Draft Systems -- 2.8.3.Induced-Draft Systems -- 2.8.4.Balanced-Draft Systems -- 2.8.5.Draft Controls -- 2.9.Understanding and Evaluating Flames -- 2.9.1.Where To Look -- 2.9.2.What To Look For -- 2.10.Fuel/Air Ratio Evaluations -- 2.10.1.Fuel/Air Ratio Evaluation of Closed Systems -- 2.10.2.Fuel/Air Ratio Evaluation of Open Systems -- Notes and References -- 3.1.Natural Gas Piping Codes and Standards -- 3.2.General Industrial Utilities Piping Fundamentals -- 3.3.Manual Isolation Valves -- 3.4.Blanks or Blinds -- 3.5.Steel Pipe Joining Methods -- 3.5.1.Welded Fittings -- 3.5.2.Hot Taps -- 3.5.3.Welding Certifications -- 3.5.4.The Integrity of Welds -- 3.5.5.Threaded Fittings -- 3.5.6.Flanged Connections -- |
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Contents note continued: 3.6.Fastener Issues: When a Bolt Is Not Simply a Bolt -- Notes and References -- 4.1.Incoming Natural Gas Systems -- 4.1.1.Gas Yards and Fuel Conditioning -- 4.1.2.Main Shutoff or Isolation Valves -- 4.1.3.Pig Receiver and Launcher -- 4.1.4.Pressure Regulation and Relief -- 4.1.5.Dew Point or Water Bath Heaters -- 4.1.6.Particulate and Coalescing Filters -- 4.1.7.Metering -- 4.1.8.Odorization (an important issue) -- 4.2.Piping Corrosion Protection -- 4.2.1.Corrosion Concerns Where You Would Not Expect Them -- 4.2.2.Conducting a Gas Piping Survey -- 4.3.Considerations for Limiting Access to Service Entrances -- 4.4.Gas Supplies From Digesters and Landfills -- 4.4.1.Digester Gas Supplies -- 4.4.2.Landfill Gas Supplies -- 4.5.Incoming Propane Service Considerations -- Notes and References -- 5.1.Key Steps to Safe Gas Piping Repairs -- 5.2.Planning the Project -- 5.2.1.Routine and Small-Volume Low-Pressure Venting and Purging Projects -- |
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Contents note continued: 5.2.2.Nonroutine Venting and Purging Projects -- 5.3.Isolation -- 5.4.Prerepair Venting and Purging of Flammable Gases -- 5.4.1.Venting-off High-Pressure Gas -- 5.4.2.Purge Points -- 5.4.3.Vent Orientations and Clearances -- 5.4.4.Ignition Sources -- 5.4.5.Purging Processes -- 5.5.Leak Checking and Pressure Testing -- 5.5.1.Pneumatic Pressure Testing Versus Hydrotesting -- 5.6.Postrepair Purge -- 5.7.Reintroduction of Natural Gas: Startup -- 5.7.1.The Utility or Pipeline's Role in Gas Reintroduction -- 5.8.Gas Sampling and Detection -- 5.8.1.Sampling Instruments for Evaluating Gas Conditions -- 5.8.2.Gas Sampling Protocols -- 5.8.3.Purge Endpoint Targets -- 5.9.Nitrogen-Handling Issues to Consider -- 5.9.1.Nitrogen Flow Issues -- 5.9.2.Nitrogen Delivery Methods -- 5.9.3.Nitrogen Gas Cylinders -- 5.9.4.Liquid Nitrogen Cylinders -- 5.9.5.Nitrogen Tube Trailers and Pumper Trucks -- 5.10.The World of Gas Line Cleaning -- |
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Contents note continued: 5.10.1.Piping System Sources of Contamination -- 5.10.2.Removing Water and Vapor After Hydrotesting or Other Water Processes -- 5.10.3.Build It Clean -- 5.10.4.Overview of Pneumatic Line Blowing for Cleaning -- 5.10.5.Fuel Gas Piping Cleanliness Requirements -- 5.10.6.Cleaning Processes Other Than Pneumatic Blowing -- 5.11.NFPA 54: Changes Related to Purging Issues -- 5.12.Highlights of and Commentary Regarding the New NFPA 56 Standard -- Notes and References -- 6.1.Fuel Train Components and Their Purpose -- 6.2.Basic Operations of Fuel Trains -- 6.2.1.Four Key Fuel Train Safety Functions -- 6.3.Oil Firing Systems -- 6.3.1.Oil Ignition Systems and Burners -- 6.4.Oven and Furnace Types -- 6.4.1.Oven Types -- 6.4.2.Furnace Types -- 6.4.3.Thermal Oxidizers and Incinerators -- 6.4.4.Process Furnaces and Fluid Heaters -- 6.4.5.Space Heaters, Makeup Air Units, and Dryers -- 6.4.6.Hares -- Notes and References -- 7.1.Boiler Incident Statistics -- |
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Contents note continued: 7.2.Boiler Types -- 7.2.1.Fire Tube Boilers -- 7.2.2.Water Tube Boilers -- 7.2.3.Steam Generators -- 7.2.4.Cast Iron Sectional Boilers -- 7.2.5.Low-Water-Volume Hydronic Boilers -- 7.3.Boiler-Water-Level Safety Devices -- 7.3.1.Water Columns and Gage Glasses -- 7.3.2.Gage Glass Safety/Risk Reduction Review Considerations -- 7.3.3.Low-Water Cutoffs -- 7.3.4.Testing Considerations for Low-Water Cutoffs -- 7.3.5.Standard Low-Water Cutoff Tests -- 7.3.6.Slow Drain Test (For Low Water Cutoff Function) -- 7.4.Boiler Pressure Safety Controls -- 7.5.Safety Relief Valves -- 7.5.1.Reviewing Safety Relief Valves for Hazards -- 7.5.2.Safety Relief Valve Testing and Service -- 7.6.Steam System Piping Special Issues -- 7.6.1.Piping System Water Hammer -- 7.6.2.Certifications for Welding and Repairs -- Notes and References -- 8.1.Personnel Issues -- 8.2.Training -- 8.2.1.Mock Drills for Practice and Validating Knowledge Transfer -- 8.2.2.Licenses and Certifications -- |
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Contents note continued: 8.3.Culture Changes -- 8.4.Human Layers of Protection Analysis -- 8.4.1.Other Factors That Influence Human Error -- 8.5.Contractor Issues -- 8.5.1.High-Risk Activities -- Notes and References -- 9.1.Policy Commandments for Fuel and Combustion System Safety -- 9.2.Commandment I -- 9.3.Commandment II -- 9.3.1.Managing Lockout/Tagout in a Plantwide Shutdown or Turnaround -- 9.3.2.Line-Breaking Permits -- 9.3.3.Hot-Work Permits -- 9.4.Commandment III -- 9.4.1.Frequency of Testing -- 9.4.2.Defining Priorities and Managing Defects -- 9.5.Commandment IV -- 9.6.Commandment V -- 9.7.Commandment VI -- 9.7.1.Prestart Walk-around -- 9.8.Commandment VII -- 9.8.1.Creating the Training Program -- 9.9.Commandment VIII -- 9.10.Commandment IX -- 9.11.Commandment X -- Notes and References -- 10.1.Controlling Equipment Risks -- 10.1.1.Up-front Scoping Issues -- 10.1.2.Commissioning Issues -- 10.2.Testing of Fuel Train Safety Interlocks -- |
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Contents note continued: 10.2.1.Training and Certification for Technicians -- 10.2.2.Testing Methods -- 10.2.3.Verifying Purge Timing -- 10.2.4.Pressure Switches -- 10.2.5.Airflow Switches -- 10.2.6.Flame Detectors -- 10.2.7.Position Switches -- 10.2.8.Temperature Switches -- 10.3.Rebuilt Safety Controls -- 10.4.Valve Seat Leakage Tightness Testing -- 10.4.1.Valve Seat Leakage Tightness Standards -- 10.4.2.Automatic Valve Seat Leakage Testing Procedures -- 10.4.3.Reducing the Risk of Automatic Valve Seat Leakage -- 10.4.4.Manual Isolation Valve Leakage Testing -- 10.4.5.Lubricated Plug Valve Maintenance Issues -- 10.5.Refractory and Equipment Outer Skin Problems -- Notes and References -- 11.1.Global Perspectives on Fuel and Combustion System Risks -- 11.2.Highlights of the European Combustion World -- 11.2.1.Popular EN Industrial Standards -- 11.2.2.Other Important Fuel and Combustion System Standards Organizations -- 11.3.Fuel System Risks in Other Countries -- |
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Contents note continued: 11.3.1.Keeping Things Simple -- 11.3.2.Design Issues to Minimize Developing Country Risks -- 11.3.3.Training: The Missing Link for Controlling Developing Country Risks -- 11.4.Differences in Types of Systems and Equipment From U.S. to Foreign Operations -- 11.5.Fuel Issues -- 11.5.1.Fuel Oil Contamination -- 11.5.2.Propane (LPG) Combustion System Concerns -- Notes and References -- 12.1.Business Interruptions From Fuel and Combustion Systems -- 12.1.1.Outages and Incident Action Plan Items -- 12.2.Sparing Philosophies for Components -- 12.3.Flood and Water Damage -- 12.3.1.Preevent Design and Installation Issues -- 12.3.2.Postevent Dryout and Recommissioning Issues -- 12.4.When There is an Incident -- 12.4.1.Investigation Issues -- 12.5.Conclusion -- 12.5.1.Key Items to Implement Immediately -- Notes and References. |
| Abstract |
"There are code books and there is manufacturer literature but prior to this book nothing brings it all together and explains the basics in a comprehensive yet simple manner. If you own or operate any kind of boiler, oven, furnace, or large heating equipment you need to read this book and understand the issues. Topics included in the book include case studies of explosions through the years, top combustion systems hazards, and hazard recognition and abatement issues. The book also provides an introduction to combustion and combustion equipment followed by fuel trains and safety systems"-- Provided by publisher. |
| Bibliography note | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| Issued in other form | Puskar, John R., 1958- Fuel and combustion systems safety [Ressource électronique] |
| Issued in other form | Puskar, John R., 1958- Fuel and combustion systems safety. 1er édition [Texte imprimé] |
| Genre/form | Case studies. |
| LCCN | 2013020444 |
| ISBN | 9780470533604 (hardback) |
| ISBN | 0470533609 (hardback) |
